Key words
IR-spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, UV-VIS-spectroscopy, NMR-spectroscopy, MS-spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy.
Objectives
The everyday (bio)chemistry has often to deal with (mixtures of) more or less complex compounds.
Optimising chemical processes, conditions, products, materials, … needs, in most cases, the knowledge of the qualitative (and quantitative) composition and/or the precise chemical structure of the components.
In the course “spectroscopic techniques” the most important qualitative methods for the identification of, most of all, organic compounds are discussed.
The theoretical part explains the (physico-)chemical base and background.
In the practical (theoretical) exercises the structural characteristics of a number of unknowns is deduced from the spectra, using specific tables, if necessary in connection with known chemical and physical properties.
Finally the students must be able to find the chemical structure of a compound from the combined UV-, IR-, NMR- and MS-spectra and to explain theoretically the origin of the main peaks.
Topics
Part 1:
Theoretical session
Introduction to spectroscopy, absorption and Raman spectra;
Vibrational- and rotational spectroscopy, (near-IR spectroscopy);
Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy;
Fluorescence and phosphorescence spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H and 13C);Mass spectroscopy.
Part 2:
Practical session
Interpretation of UV, VIS, IR, NMR and MS spectra (if necessary, completed with physical and chemical information of the unknown); computer simulation of spectra;
Demonstrations are given of the sample preparation and the registration of the spectra on available equipment.
Prerequisites
The students must have a sufficient knowledge of the general, inorganic and organic chemistry.
Final Objectives
General scientific competences [AWC1,AWC2,AWC3]
The student is expected to think and to reason critically, creatively, scientifically about the course material and to apply the general insights to specific scientific problems.
He (she) must be able, in an efficient way, to communicate and report about it.
Specific competences [SC1, 3]
The student must be able to master general chemical knowledge and skills; further on, he must be able to perform chemical analyses and to apply them in process and product control.
Materials used
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Teacher’s courses, based on “spectroscopische technieken”, H.E. Hilderson, IHR-CTL, 1990 (in agreement with the author) and on recent publications in several journals or handbooks.
Most recent edition, theory: 160 p; exercises: 100 p.
Additional notes and background information, given during the lectures, belong also to the examination subject.
Textbooks for optional background information:
* “Physical Chemistry”, P.W.Atkins; Oxford University Press, 1999.
* “Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry”, Williams and Fleming; McGraw-Hill, 1995.
* “Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, Skoog e.a.; Saunders College Publi., 1998.
Study costs
About € 6,50 to buy the course material.
Study guidance
The additional theoretical exercises, found after each chapter. increase the insight in concepts and theory.
It’s expected that the students perform them on an individual basis (or in group) in preparation of the examinations.
Nevertheless, they have the possibility, individually or in group, to make an appointment for additional explanation and / or exercises.
Teaching Methods
Lectures (theoretical session);
Demonstrations and guided theoretical exercises performed by the students (practical session).
Assessment
Theory (written examination with oral explanation; open questions and exercises concerning the course and the additional notes) : 57%
(Theoretical) Exercises (permanent evaluation and written tests on the interpretation of spectra) : 43%
A weighted average is used to compute the final score for a training item.
However, if a student gains a score of 7 or less on 20 on one of the different courses (parts of training items), he proves that his skill for certain subcompetences is insufficient. Consequently, one can turn from the arithmetical calculation of the final assignment of quotas of a training item and the new marks can be awarded on consensus.
Lecturer(s)
Paul Vanhee
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